Monólogos de comedia en papiros escolares: naturaleza y función

This paper discusses the cook-monologues included in the Guéraud-Jouguet school papyms (dated on the IV-III centuries bC). It is suggested that this selection served both as text for reading and copying, and as a model for preparation of ethopoeiae (impersonation or delineation of character)

Alciato, traductor de la "Antoplogía planudea": criterios de selección

Andrea Alciato, el creador del género emblemático, traducido numerosos epigramas de Planudes "Antología" al latín del griego. La mayoría de las traducciones se incluyen en la selección de Cornarius y mucho más tarde fueron utilizados como emblemas. Este estudio trata de arrojar luz sobre algunos de los criterios utilizados por Alciato en la selección de los epigramas del corpus de Planudes "Antología". Alison Saunders ya ha elaborado una lista de los temas más recurrentes en los epigramas más tarde utilizados como emblemas. El presente estudio, basado en el análisis de los epigramas griegos y sus traducciones, revela que Alciato tenía un interés especial en la justicia, lo que no es sorprendente en un hombre que estudió derecho. Este interés a veces va más allá de la temática general del epigrama y se manifiesta en la presencia abrumadora de la terminología jurídica. En este estudio se sugiere también que los grupos de poemas que tratan con los "rétores" deben añadirse a los establecidos por Saunders.Andrea Alciati, the creator of the emblematic genre, translated numerous epigrams from Planudes “Anthologia” into Latin from the Greek. Most of the translations are included in Cornarius' selection and many were later used as emblems. This study attempts to shed light on some of the criteria used by Alciati in the selection of epigrams for the corpus of Planudes' “Anthologia”. Alison Saunders has already drawn up a list of the most recurrent themes in the epigrams later used as emblems. The present study, based on the analysis of the Greek epigrams and their translations, reveals that Alciati had a special interest in justice, which is hardly surprising in a man who studied law. This interest sometimes goes beyond the general theme of the epigram and becomes manifest in the overwhelming presence of legal terminology. In this study, it is also suggested that the groups of poems dealing with the “rhetores” and with a scoptic tone should be added to those established by Saunders.Este trabajo se encuadra dentro del Proyecto Subvencionado por la D.G.I.C.Y.T. PS94-0124.notPeerReviewe

Monólogos de comedia en papiros escolares : naturaleza y función

This paper discusses the cook-monologues included in the Guéraud-Jouguet school papyms (dated on the IV-III centuries bC). It is suggested that this selection served both as text for reading and copying, and as a model for preparation of ethopoeiae (impersonation or delineation of character)

Design, Calibration, and Evaluation of a Long-Range 3-D Infrared Positioning System Based on Encoding Techniques

Optical indoor positioning systems have experienced an increasing research interest during last years as they can provide 3D centimeter accuracy using LED lighting. In the case of having several LEDs emitting simultaneously and a receiver (e.g. the tag to be localized), these systems face important challenges, such as very high dynamic ranges with low Signal-to-Noise Ratios when the coverage area is increased, Multiple Access Interference (MAI), multipath and near-far effects, calibration issues (misalignments in the receiver and other intrinsic parameters), and so on. Previous work have already shown the feasibility of using LED emitters in combination with Quadrature Angular Diversity Aperture (QADA) receivers to implement positioning systems. This work further introduces new design considerations, tested on an experimental setup, to enlarge the emitter-receiver range, thus increasing the total coverage, while dealing with the aforementioned challenges. The system applies encoding techniques to each transmitter to solve the multiple access problem. The performance of two different types of codes has been compared, as well as their influence on the final estimation of the receiver?s position: one based on Kasami sequences and another based on Loosely Synchronous (LS) codes, derived from Complementary Sets of Sequences. At the receiver, the estimation of the incident point is constrained to angles at which the system can be linearized, and a specific calibration process for this type of sensor has also been defined and applied. The proposal has been finally validated with both, simulated and experimental results, in a large space of 2 2m2 (base), with a distance from transmitters to receiver of 3:4m (height). The experimental tests at distances up to 4 m, carried out after the calibration process, achieve average absolute errors bellow 10 cm for X and Y axis and around 20 cm for Z, and standard deviations below 4 cm for X and Y , and around 30 cm for Z.Agencia Estatal de InvestigaciónUniversidad de Alcal

Bifurcation of closed orbits from equilibria of Newtonian systems with Coriolis forces

We consider autonomous Newtonian systems with Coriolis forces in two and three dimensions and study the existence of branches of periodic orbits emanating from equilibria. We investigate both degenerate and nondegenerate situations. While Lyapunov’s center theorem applies locally in the nondegen- erate, nonresonant context, equivariant degree theory provides a global answer which is significant also in some degenerate cases. We apply our abstract results to a problem from Celestial Mechanics. More precisely, in the three-dimensional version of the Restricted Triangular Four- Body Problem with possibly different primaries our results show the existence of at least seven branches of periodic orbits emanating from the stationary points

Combined infrared-ultrasonic positioning system to improve the data availability

Many indoor positioning applications related to accurate monitoring and tracking targets require centimeter precision. Infrared (IR)- and ultrasound (US)-based systems represent a feasible approach providing high robustness against interference. Furthermore, their combination may achieve better performance by mitigating their complementary drawbacks, covering larger areas, and improving the availability of positioning measurements. In this context, this work presents the proposal and experimental evaluation of a tightly coupled fusion method that uses an extended Kalman filter (EKF) to merge an IR- and a US-based positioning system. An outlier detection method is considered to select measurements with an adequate performance. Experimental results reveal that the IR and US systems are unable to position in 4.08% and 26.06% of locations, whereas the combined IR -US system has 100% of availability. In addition, the merged solution achieves less than 4 cm of positioning error in 90% of cases, outperforming the IR and US systems when they work independently

Calibration of Beacons for Indoor Environments based on a Digital Map and Heuristic Information

This paper proposes an algorithm for calibrating the position of beacons which are placed on the ceiling of an indoor environment. In this context, the term calibration is used to estimate the position coordinates of a beacon related to a known reference system in a map. The positions of a set of beacons are used for indoor positioning purposes. The operation of the beacons can be based on different technologies such as radiofrequency (RF), infrared (IR) or ultrasound (US), among others. In this case we are interested in the positions of several beacons that compose an Ultrasonic Local Positioning System (ULPS) placed on different strategic points of the building. The calibration proposal uses several distances from a beacon to the neighbor walls measured by a laser meter. These measured distances, the map of the building in a vector format and other heuristic data (such as the region in which the beacon is located, the approximate orientation of the distance measurements to the walls and the equations in the map coordinate system of the line defining these walls) are the inputs of the proposed algorithm. The output is the best estimation of the position of the beacon. The process is repeated for all the beacons. To find the best estimation of the position of the beacons we have implemented a numerical minimization based on the use of a Genetic Algorithm (GA) and a Harmony Search (HS) methods. The proposal has been validated with simulations and real experiments, obtaining the positions of the beacons and an estimation of the error associated that depends on which walls (and the angle of incidence of the laser) are selected to make the distance measurements.Universidad de AlcaláJunta de Comunidades de Castilla-La ManchaMinisterio de Economía y Competitivida

Experimental Evaluation of a Machine Learning-Based RSS Localization Method Using Gaussian Processes and a Quadrant Photodiode

The research interest on indoor Location-Based Services (LBS) has increased during the last years, especially using LED lighting, since they can deal with the dual functionality of lighting and localization with centimetric accuracy. There are several positioning approaches using lateration and angular methods. These methods typically rely on the physical model to deal with the multipath effect, environmental fluctuations, calibration of the optical setup, etc. A recent approach is the use of Machine Learning (ML) techniques. ML techniques provide accurate location estimates based on observed data without requiring the underlying physical model to be described. This work proposes an optical indoor local positioning system based on multiple LEDs and a quadrant photodiode plus an aperture. Different frequencies are used to allow the simultaneous emission of all transmitted signals and their processing at the receiver. For that purpose, two algorithms are developed. First, a triangulation algorithm based on Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurements, which uses the Received Signal Strength (RSS) values from every LED on each quadrant to determine the image points projected from each emitter on the receiver and, then, implements a Least Squares Estimator (LSE) and trigonometric considerations to estimate the receiver?s position. Secondly, the performance of a data-driven approach using Gaussian Processes is evaluated. The proposals have been experimentally validated in an area of 3 × 3m2 and a height of 1.3m (distance from transmitters to receiver). The experimental tests achieve p50 and p95 2D absolute errors below 9.38 cm and 21.94 cm for the AoA-based triangulation algorithm, and 3.62 cm and 16.65 cm for the Gaussian Processes.Agencia Estatal de Investigació

Homero en la formación retórico-escolar griega: etopeyas con tema del Ciclo Troyano

This paper is a broad study of ethopoeia with themes from the Troyan cycle. It is an attempt to interrelate data from rhetorical rules in school exercise manuals, and from the extant practical example with the importance of the Homeric model (texts, scholia, commentaries).No disponible

Visible light positioning system based on a quadrant photodiode and encoding techniques

Visible light positioning systems (VLPSs) are a feasible alternative to local positioning systems due to the technology improvement and massive use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Compared to other technologies, VLPSs can provide significant advantages, such as the achieved accuracy, although they still present some issues, mainly related to the reduced coverage area or the high computational load. This article proposes the design of a VLPS based on four LED lamps as transmitters and a quadrant photodiode angular diversity aperture (QADA) as a receiver. As the shape of the QADA is circular and the aperture to be installed over it is square, we derive the corresponding general equations to obtain the currents through the different pads of the QADA, regarding the angle of incidence of the light (and, inversely, how to estimate the angle of incidence from the measured currents). An encoding scheme based on 1023-bit Kasami sequences is proposed for every transmission from the LED lamps, thus providing multiple access capability and robustness against low signal-to-noise ratios and harsh conditions, such as multipath and near-far effect. A triangulation technique has been applied to estimate the receiver's position, by means of the least-squares estimator (LSE), together with some geometrical considerations. The proposal has been validated by simulation and by experimental tests, obtaining 3-D positioning average errors below 13 and 5.5 cm for separations between the transmitters' plane and the receiver of 2 and 1 m, respectively